電液伺服閥的選用和(he)保(bao)養
電液伺服閥是電氣一液壓伺服系統中關鍵的精密控制元件,價格昂貴,所以伺服閥的選擇,應用要謹慎,保養要特別仔細。本文介紹電液伺服閥選擇、使用和保養的一些基本方法。
在伺服閥選擇中常常考慮的因素有:A:閥的工作性能、規格;B:工作可靠、性能穩定、一定的抗污染能力;C:價格合理;D:工作液、油源;E:電氣性能和放大器;F:安裝結構,外型尺寸等等。
一:按(an)控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)等要求選用伺(si)服(fu)閥:
系統(tong)控(kong)制精度(du)要求(qiu)比(bi)較低時(shi),還有開(kai)環(huan)控(kong)制系統(tong)、動態不(bu)高(gao)的(de)場合,都可以選用(yong)工業(ye)伺服(fu)閥甚至比(bi)例閥。只有要求(qiu)比(bi)較高(gao)的(de)控(kong)制系統(tong)才(cai)選用(yong)高(gao)性能的(de)電(dian)液伺服(fu)閥,當(dang)然它的(de)價格亦比(bi)較高(gao)。
二:按用途選用伺(si)服閥:
電液伺服閥有許多種類,許多規格,分類的方法亦非常多,而只有按用途分類的方法對我們選用伺服閥是比較方便的。按用途分:有通用型閥和專用型閥。專用型閥使用在特殊應用的場合,例如:高溫閥、防爆閥、高響應閥、余度閥、特殊增益閥、特殊重疊閥、特殊尺寸、特殊結構閥、特殊輸入、特殊反饋的伺服閥等等。還有特殊的使用環境對伺服閥提出特殊的要求,例如:抗沖擊、震動、 三防、真空...
通用(yong)(yong)(yong)型伺服(fu)閥(fa)還分通用(yong)(yong)(yong)型流(liu)(liu)量(liang)伺服(fu)閥(fa)和通用(yong)(yong)(yong)型壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)伺服(fu)閥(fa)。在(zai)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li))控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)閥(fa),也可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)閥(fa)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)伺服(fu)閥(fa)因(yin)其(qi)帶有壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)負反饋,所以(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)益比較(jiao)(jiao)平緩、比較(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)性(xing)(xing),適用(yong)(yong)(yong)與開環(huan)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),作(zuo)為力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)閉環(huan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)也是比較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)。但因(yin)這種閥(fa)制造、調試較(jiao)(jiao)為復雜,生產也比較(jiao)(jiao)少,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)困(kun)難(nan)些(xie)。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)大流(liu)(liu)量(liang)時(shi),大多數(shu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)仍選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制伺服(fu)閥(fa)。在(zai)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)閥(fa),希望它的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)益不(bu)要(yao)象位置(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)閥(fa)那樣(yang)要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)益,而希望降低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)益,盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少點(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)飽(bao)和區域,改善控(kong)(kong)制性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。雖然在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)可以(yi)通過采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電氣補(bu)償的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),或有意增(zeng)加壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)缸(gang)的(de)(de)泄漏等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)來提高系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和穩定性(xing)(xing)等(deng),我們在(zai)訂貨時(shi)仍需(xu)向伺服(fu)閥(fa)生產廠(chang)家(jia)提出低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)增(zeng)益的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
通用(yong)(yong)型流量(liang)伺(si)服閥(fa)是用(yong)(yong)得(de)最廣泛,生產量(liang)亦最大的伺(si)服閥(fa),可以(yi)應用(yong)(yong)在(zai)位(wei)置、速度(du)、加速度(du)(力)等各(ge)種(zhong)控制系(xi)統中。所以(yi)應該優先選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)通用(yong)(yong)型伺(si)服閥(fa)。我們重點講講這種(zhong)閥(fa)的選(xuan)擇和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。