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                             電缸在氣動(dong)行業內悄(qiao)然興起

   過去若干年來,工業生產率明顯上升,在很大程度上取決于自動化控制的發展,當然也包括氣動技術的不斷創新。我們不必再描述氣缸、真空抓取和閥島等氣動技術所作的貢獻,因為這些都是眾所周知的。隨著電子技術和二進制數字技術的發展,自動化流水線的控制速度越來越快、精度要求也越來越高。尋求一種合適的控制技術是符合科學發展觀需要的。
   我(wo)們分(fen)析并預(yu)測今后工業自動(dong)化(hua)發展需求,氣(qi)動(dong)元件制造廠商是否只發展氣(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)?是否也要(yao)開發電驅(qu)動(dong)?如(ru)何(he)發展氣(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)或(huo)電驅(qu)動(dong)都是十分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)的,當面臨灰塵、油脂、水(shui)或清潔劑等惡劣條件時,氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)極具優越性。尤其(qi)是(shi)目前的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),由于采(cai)用(yong)模(mo)塊(kuai)化(hua)設計及安裝技術,其(qi)能方便快(kuai)速地改動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)某模(mo)塊(kuai),使自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)水(shui)線很快(kuai)投產。氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與真空吸盤(pan)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)抓取技術組(zu)合能提(ti)供(gong)典型的(de)(de)抓取功能,操作(zuo)方便且(qie)成(cheng)本低(di)廉(lian),而且(qie)氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非常堅固(gu)耐用(yong)。這(zhe)些都是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)特別優勢的(de)(de)表(biao)現。但并(bing)不表(biao)示(shi)它在自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)水(shui)線上(shang)能滿(man)足高節奏和(he)高精(jing)確度的(de)(de)定位(wei)要(yao)求。需要(yao)說明(ming)的(de)(de)是(shi),當氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與相應的(de)(de)傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)量比例(li)閥及比例(li)控制器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)一個氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)伺服定位(wei)系統時,它的(de)(de)定位(wei)精(jing)度是(shi)±0.2mm。顯然,±0.2 mm定(ding)位精(jing)度在高(gao)節(jie)奏、高(gao)精(jing)度自動流水(shui)線上是遠不能滿足(zu)實際(ji)工況需要(yao)的。而帶伺服馬達的電(dian)驅動重復精(jing)度可達到±0.02 mm。在作用力快速增大且需要(yao)精(jing)確(que)定位的情(qing)況(kuang)下,帶伺(si)服馬達的電(dian)驅(qu)動器(qi)具有明顯優勢。對于(yu)要(yao)求精(jing)確(que)、同步運轉(zhuan)、可調(diao)節和規(gui)定的定位編程(cheng)的應用場合,電(dian)驅(qu)動器(qi)是最好的選擇。

另(ling)外,還要(yao)提(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個十分(fen)重要(yao)的(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)氣(qi)動技術觀點(dian),即關于氣(qi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)問題。壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種高(gao)能耗(hao)、低(di)效率的(de)(de)二次(ci)能源(yuan),直(zhi)到現(xian)在(zai)為(wei)止,多數(shu)企業(ye)對壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)并不重視,壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)度還被認(ren)為(wei)是(shi)免費(fei)的(de)(de)或成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)非常低(di)廉的(de)(de),在(zai)這種觀念的(de)(de)誤導下(xia)(xia),造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)浪費(fei)也是(shi)非常巨大的(de)(de)。就壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)而言(yan),它包括設備投(tou)資成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、維修成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)及電力(li)消(xiao)耗(hao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)等。通常情況下(xia)(xia),壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)運行所要(yao)求的(de)(de)功率,每年還需占壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)使用總成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)75%,甚至更高。根據壓縮機廠(chang)商的資料(liao)介紹,從理(li)論計算(suan)結果,僅有20%左右(you)的壓縮機功(gong)率可(ke)以轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)可(ke)供使用的功(gong),其他(ta)80%左右的(de)(de)(de)空壓(ya)機能(neng)量被轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)熱能(neng)浪費(fei)掉。如果加上系統配置不合理(li)、操作(zuo)不當、元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)和管道(dao)連接泄漏以及不正(zheng)確使用等(deng),由(you)此每年造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)浪費(fei)更是(shi)(shi)驚(jing)人(ren)。當前國(guo)際上,有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)制(zhi)造(zao)廠商(shang),尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些堅持(chi)為客戶提供整(zheng)套解決方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)制(zhi)造(zao)廠商(shang),在對(dui)待自動(dong)(dong)化驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)課題上,幾乎都采取二種做法,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)就是(shi)(shi)針對(dui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)產(chan)品開發(fa)上,更多(duo)地(di)(di)研發(fa)模塊化的(de)(de)(de)帶導向裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(減小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)缸(gang)(gang)徑,但(dan)可增(zeng)強氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)承載(zai)能(neng)力),另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)則是(shi)(shi)悄(qiao)然(ran)地(di)(di)研發(fa)電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong),無論是(shi)(shi)電(dian)缸(gang)(gang)(齒形帶傳動(dong)(dong)型(xing)(xing)、絲桿傳動(dong)(dong)型(xing)(xing))、步(bu)(bu)進馬(ma)達(da)(da)、步(bu)(bu)進馬(ma)達(da)(da)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)、伺服(fu)馬(ma)達(da)(da)、伺服(fu)馬(ma)達(da)(da)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)還是(shi)(shi)直線馬(ma)達(da)(da)等(deng)全方(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)開始(shi)研發(fa)、生產(chan)并投入市場。因此,我個人(ren)認為,從氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)行業內(nei)(nei)部分廠商(shang)悄(qiao)然(ran)發(fa)展電(dian)缸(gang)(gang),到(dao)更多(duo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)廠商(shang)參與開發(fa)電(dian)缸(gang)(gang)這(zhe)條路是(shi)(shi)必然(ran)的(de)(de)(de),其主要原因是(shi)(shi):高(gao)(gao)節(jie)奏、高(gao)(gao)精度的(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)(dong)流水(shui)線工況要求,電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)帶具有(you)作(zuo)用力大、定位精確和運轉(zhuan)同步(bu)(bu)等(deng)優勢,人(ren)們對(dui)低碳氣(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)技術的(de)(de)(de)重視,及對(dui)今后電(dian)子元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(包括電(dian)缸(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian))成(cheng)本大幅度進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)下降的(de)(de)(de)期待。在相當長一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段時間內(nei)(nei),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)與電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展會(hui)處于(yu)良性、互補(bu)狀況。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條流水(shui)線上有(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)和電(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)互搭的(de)(de)(de)情況是(shi)(shi)再(zai)正(zheng)常不過(guo)的(de)(de)(de),而(er)且或許往往是(shi)(shi)最佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)設計方(fang)案(an)。


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